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New compositions of matter have been invented, specifically organic buffer layer materials that can greatly enhance power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices and can effectively functionalize metal electrodes. Conventional-architecture OPV devices made using the new buffer layer have average PCEs greater than 8%, with the highest PCE value exceeding 9.5%. This new buffer layer can be used with Ag, Cu, and Au cathodes, opening routes to all-solution-based device fabrication and roll-to-roll processing. In addition, the new buffer layer materials can be applied at a layer thickness of up to 55 nm, avoiding processing challenges that occur with ultrathin buffer layers and enabling a simplified and reproducible process for device fabrication.

This invention provides novel hydrophilic conjugated polymers that can be used as hole extraction layers in solar cells to enhance power conversion efficiency and solar cell stability. The polymers can be synthesized in water at room temperatures without using toxic transition metals or flammable organic solvents.

This invention provides new polymeric interlayer materials that can greatly enhance the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic or polymer solar cells.